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In this study, a simple and yet novel methodology based on the use of modified inclined plane (M-IP) has been established and validated to determine the high-temperature slag viscosity. Seven synthetic standard ash samples have been tested on the inclined corundum plane, under the conditions of reducing environment of 1% CO in nitrogen, 1100 °C–1400 °C, 25°–90° and different duration time of 10–40 min...
The catalytic efficiency of CeO2 carriers and the catalytic properties of palladium (Pd) nanocrystals loaded on different morphology CeO2 carrier were studied for lean methane (CH4) combustion. The catalytic activity of simple CeO2 carriers was ranked in the order of rod-CeO2(r-CeO2) > cube-CeO2(c-CeO2) > octahedral-CeO2(o-CeO2). After the Pd species was loaded on CeO2, 90% of CH4 was converted...
Hydrogen transfer property is of great importance in the carbonization of heavy oils. Thermal treatment under hydrogen was performed on a raw slurry oil (SO) from FCC process. The theoretical hydrogen-donating property of SO fractions before and after treatment was predicted by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The hydrogen-transfer experiments...
Characterization of high molecular weight hydrocarbon mixtures such as heavy oil, bitumen, and vacuum residue is essential to design and optimization of the recovery, upgrading, and transportation processes. Characterization provides information about the boiling point and molecular weight distributions. To obtain these information, developing the simple, fast, and consistent characterization method...
This paper focused on flame shape and burning rate of n-heptane pool fires beneath an arced ceiling. To investigate the influence of constraint effect, a sequence of scale-model experiments were conducted with varying transverse fire locations. Also, the different pool aspect ratios and layouts were also considered. The results showed that the flame front produced vortices beneath the arced ceiling...
The compatibility of biodiesel blends with five common elastomers (acrylonitrile rubber or NBR, fluorocarbon, neoprene, ethylene propylene diene monomer or EPDM, and silicone) was assessed using Hansen solubility parameters. A solubility analysis was performed over the full diesel blend range and the model used methyl hydroperoxide, acetaldehyde, and formic acid to represent the decomposition products...
Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge (HASS) is a considered as an effective method and a promising way for energy production from solid waste of wastewater treatment facilities. The main purpose of this work is to build knowledge on pyrolysis mechanisms, kinetics, thermos-gravimetric analysis of high-ash (44.6%) sewage sludge using model-free methods & results validation with artificial neural...
The pyrolysis mechanism of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups which are present in the coal has been investigated with the help of density functional theory calculations. The role of water in the pyrolysis reaction mechanisms has also been investigated by the calculation of activation energy barriers. The activation energy barriers for the water mediated reactions are less when compared to thermal pyrolysis...
Ionic liquids have been considered for application in petroleum separation (especially in unconventional oil production) as interfacial functional materials at pure state or aqueous solution state. Herein, the interactions between bitumen and silica in ionic liquids (i.e., [Emim][BF4]) aqueous solution and pure ionic liquids have been investigated by dynamic contact angle, atomic force microscopy...
Hydrothermal carbonization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) could mitigate landfill issues while providing a sustainable solid fuel source. This paper demonstrates the impact of processing conditions on the formation and composition of hydrochars and secondary char of OFMSW. Harsher conditions (higher temperatures, longer residence times) decrease generally the solid yield...
Char combustion is the main stage in the coal-burning process. The CO/CO2 ratio near the surface of a char particle is an important physical quantity that determines the temperature of the particle and that can also help explore the mechanism of char combustion. In this paper, we propose an innovative method, i.e., thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, to explore the char combustion...
Nanosized gold deposited bare and sulfated La2O3 samples were synthesized and utilized for catalytic oxidative cracking of n-propane. Bare La2O3 showed only 10% conversion with 15% olefin selectivity, however significant enhancement in the conversion of n-propane was observed when La2O3 support was deposited with 0.2 wt% gold (25% conversion and 39% olefin selectivity) at 550 °C. Further improvement...
A series of zirconium and molybdenum species incorporated into ordered mesoporous silicate KIT-6 (ZrMo-KIT-6) materials were designed and synthesized from a one-pot hydrothermal method. The influences of Zr and Mo contents and calcination temperature in ordered mesoporous structure and existing states of introduced Zr and Mo species were systematically researched by SXRD, N2-physisorption, TEM, elemental...
Bakken Petroleum System (BPS) is composed of both conventional and unconventional units, which exhibits significant variations in lithology, rock texture, clay content, total organic carbon, accompanied by high connate water salinity, presence of disseminated pyrite grains, and low values of porosity. These petrophysical attributes of the BPS lead to inconsistency in the oil-in-place estimates for...
The effect of dissolved gases in natural water on the flotation behavior of coal was investigated by a combination of flotation tests, dynamic froth stability measurements, pulp rheology measurements, settling tests and induction time measurements. Better flotation performance with a lower dynamic froth stability (DFS) value was achieved in natural water compared to degassed water. Both pulp rheology...
The late-injection strategy (close after main-injection) of common-rail diesel engine is capable of enhancing combustion turbulence and reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this work, experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of diesel late-injection on combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel (DMDF) engine. The experiments were carried out at...
Operating conditions and fuel properties are important to the atomization quality, which is an inevitable problem that the liquid fuel has to face, specifically for new alternative fuels. One of the recognized atomization methods is the liquid sheet formed by the oblique fuel jet or spray impinging onto a plate in a direct injection (DI) engine. In this paper, a series of experiments that deal with...
When steam is injected continuously in a SAGD operation, a steam chamber starts to develop in three stages; rise, lateral spreading and confinement, as observed in the field and laboratory experiments. The physics of chamber development in the first and the two last stages is different and thus modelled separately. Nearly all of the available theoretical analyses of SAGD are concerned with the lateral...
Ru catalysts supported on alumina coated monoliths has been prepared employing three different precursor, which are ruthenium chloride, ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate and ruthenium acetyl acetonate, by an equilibrium adsorption method. The Ru particle sizes could be controlled varying the metal precursor salt. Among the prepared catalysts, Ru catalyst prepared from nytrosyl nitrate exhibited the highest...
Thickened flame (TF) model is one of the effective methods to resolve the flame front in turbulent premixed combustion modeling. The multi-step reaction mechanism is becoming increasingly important for combustion simulations such as pollutant formation, ignition and extinction. The effect of TF model on flame structures when coupling with multi-step reaction mechanism was investigated. The simulation...
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